Like a Punch in the Gut

The Yankee Club (Jake & Laura Mystery Book 1) by Michael Murphy.
Book Review by Michael Isenberg.

We wrap up Noir November with a hardboiled detective drama set against the background of the Great Depression. Michael Murphy’s The Yankee Club is the epitome of noir.

Novelist and former shamus Jake Donovan (not to be confused with Showtime’s Ray Donovan) skipped town when his childhood sweetheart and the love of his life, Broadway Star Laura Wilson, rejected his umpteenth proposal to get hitched. But after two years in Florida, he’s back in New York City and reconnecting with old friends. They’re a rogues' gallery of 1930’s archetypes. There's Mickey O’Brien, Donovan’s hard-drinking former partner, now flying solo in the private eye business; Danny, the bouncer at the Yankee Club speakeasy, who can’t get over that Donovan stole his bike when they were kids; Gino, Danny’s boss, a tough as nails Italian-American who doesn’t take guff from anyone—except his mother. Then there’s Laura herself, whose first appearance is described in true Raymond Chandler-style: “A woman stood in the doorway, her face hidden in the shadows…her white chiffon dress was backlit by the bright lights above the nurse’s station. I recognized her long shapely legs even before her face came into focus.” (Sadly, these Chandleresque passages get fewer and farther between as the novel progresses).

Alas, some of these reunions play out like a punch in the gut. Laura is engaged now, to one Spencer Dalrymple the Third. “You know, the Long Island Dalrymples.” Donovan is floored. “The Laura I knew used to make fun of stuffed shirts like Dalrymple.” As for Mickey, he and Donovan step out for some air and Mickey is promptly gunned down. His dying words are a cryptic plea, “The key…it’s…in the ashtray.”

When a man's partner is killed, he's supposed to do something about it, and that’s what Donovan does. He owes it to Mickey. He finds the key in the ashtray. It leads him to a bus station storage locker with a bunch of newspaper clippings inside. Some of the articles are about Giuseppe Zangara, the real-life bricklayer who had recently been executed following his unsuccessful attempt to assassinate then-president-elect Franklin Roosevelt (Zangara will be familiar to fans of Philip K. Dick’s novel The Man in the High Castle. In that alternate history, Zangara succeeds at killing Roosevelt, the point of divergence which sets in motion a chain of events that lead to an Axis victory in World War II). But Zangara is not the only subject of the news reports in Mickey’s stash. Another article concerns a cabal of anti-New Deal bankers known as the Golden Legion, led by, of all people, Spencer Dalrymple the Third.

Were Dalrymple and the Golden Legion somehow connected to the unsuccessful attempt on the life of Franklin Roosevelt—and the successful one on Mickey O’Brien? Donovan soon finds himself enmeshed in a sinister conspiracy with America itself as the stakes. Along the way he encounters Nazi diplomats, fascist thugs, a hooker with a heart of gold, corrupt cops who want to pin the murder on him, and scores of Depression-era celebrities. The cameos reminded me of a similar device in Brad Linaweaver and J. Kent Hastings’s Anarquía, albeit the celebrities in Murphy’s love letter to the New Deal tend to lean farther left politically than those in Linaweaver and Hastings’s libertarian utopia. They include Dashiell Hammett, Ethel Merman, Babe Ruth, and Joseph Kennedy (who’s been whitewashed of his real-life anti-Semitic and pro-fascist sympathies). Donovan is on the spot when Lillian Hellman realizes The Children’s Hour would be a far more interesting play with same-sex protagonists; he’s also there when someone tells Cole Porter, “In the old days, just a glimpse of stocking was, you know, shocking.”

No doubt about it, The Yankee Club is fun. Well-researched too. I knew about the Depression-era shantytowns called Hoovervilles from my high school American history class. I didn’t know until I read The Yankee Club that there was one in Central Park.

As a mystery, however, The Yankee Club leaves something to be desired. The villains’ plot was ridiculous; there was no way it could possibly work. Also, it wasn’t hard to figure out the identity of the mastermind behind it: there was only one suspect. Further, Donovan wasn’t all that instrumental in uncovering it. It turns out there was a secret service agent, Landon Stoddard, who had been working with Mickey before Donovan arrived on the scene. Although Donovan uncovered a few key details, much of his work went into uncovering things Stoddard already knew. Donovan could have stayed in Florida, washing his fedora, and Stoddard would have gotten along fine.

At some point, I’ll probably check out the sequels to the Yankee Club: All That Glitters, Wings in the Dark, and The Big Brush-off. I do like the characters and the overall atmospherics. Combined with the right storyline, the Jake and Laura series would really have something.

Michael Isenberg drinks bourbon and writes novels. His latest book, The Thread of Reason, is a murder mystery that takes place in Baghdad in the year 1092, and tells the story of the conflict between science and shari’ah in medieval Islam. It is available on Amazon.com Photo credit(s): Amazon

Not-so-friendly Neighborhood Spider-man

Spider-man Noir. Written by David Hine and Fabrice Sapolsky. Illustrated by Carmine Di Giandomenico.
Graphic Novel Review by Kerey McKenna.

As I discussed back in my Luke Cage Noir review, back in 2009-2010 Marvel Comics did a little experiment in genre by publishing short runs of comics re-contextualizing their superhero characters with noir aesthetics and sensibilities. They’re among my favorite kinds of superhero stories, the kind where a creative team takes a familiar hero and their supporting cast of friends and enemies and re-interprets them through different genre aesthetics and conventions. While many of the stories, such as Luke Cage, de-emphasized the fantastical elements of the characters, other stories kept the amazing aspects but ran things through a noir lens. One such tale was Spider-man Noir.

The reader is introduced to this new version of the web-slinger in media res as police bust down the door of 1930’s newspaper man J. Jonah Jameson, apparently gunned down by a figure clad all in black, his face behind a mask that betrays no emotion.

Escaping the scene by shooting webs and leaping out the window, this dark Spider-man may be a menace, or merely caught in a frame up.

Winding things back to before the murder, the story is narrated by Ben Urich, crime reporter for the Daily Bugle in the harsh winter of 1932-1933. Ben is jaded and cynical; he would tell you his odds of dying from either the mob or the bottle are 50/50.

The trope of the hardboiled reporter has its origins in the 1930s, so Ben fits right in. But working web-slinging vigilantes or monstrous creatures like the Green Goblin into the story is a tougher sell, no matter how many fedoras you stick characters under. Unless you strain genre conventions a bit and go into the realm of Dieselpunk.

Yes, this Noir November I did want to get in a mention of Dieselpunk, a genre that is a form of retro futurism like my beloved steampunk. Just as Steampunk is retro-futurist Sci-Fi Fantasy sub-genre that takes its cues from the steam-powered technology of the Victorian era, so Dieselpunk gets its cues from the 1920’s to early 1950’s. Its heroes are pulp adventurers and grizzled detectives; the villains are mad scientists, gangsters, fascists, and Lovecraftian horrors. It’s a natural fit for most superheroes and is a good way to return to the early pulp roots of the genre like the Shadow or the Phantom.

Through the magic of Dieselpunk, the Green Goblin can be transplanted to the Great Depression—in the form of a gangster, Norman “the Goblin” Osborn. Not only is Osborn protected from prosecution by keeping all the right palms greased, he has a team of freakish bodyguards recruited from circus acts. Those who get in his way, like social reformer Ben Parker, are rubbed out. With the murder unprosecuted, Parker’s nephew Peter wants to become a reporter who can expose mafia bosses like Goblin. In a rare moments of optimism, Urich takes the teenage Peter under his wing as an apprentice.

One fateful night, while tailing the Goblin’s crew trying to catch them smuggling stolen artifacts, he has an encounter with the totem of a terrifying spider trickster god. The deity bestows “The Curse of Power” upon the young man, granting him the familiar abilities of strength, agility, spider-sense and web spinning. Donning a less familiar all-black costume, a trench coat, and his Uncle’s old service revolver from the Great War, Peter embarks on a campaign of vengeance against the Goblin and his freakish cohorts.

Unlike the Spider-man we know and love, this dark Spider-man’s desires for vengeance against criminals is not tempered by a chance of fate making him partially responsible for his own uncle’s death. This is a Peter Parker and a Spider-man of a much bleaker world. In a game of mobsters and monsters where the enemy is playing for keeps, Peter will have to decide how far he is willing to go to get revenge.

This noir version of Spider-man has been the only character of the Marvel Noir project that has been revisited, not only in comics, but also in video games, TV, and coming next month, film. Nicholas Cage will voice Spider-man Noir in Spider-man: Into the Spider-verse. Multiple web slingers from multiple parallel dimensions will team up to solve an interdimensional emergency. I covered two of these Spider-people—Miles Morales and Gwen Stacy—in my Climbing the Walls: Other Web Slingers of Marvel last year, so it seemed only fitting to give a shout out to Spider-man Noir before the big screen debut. Despite possibly being the most grim and dour take on the usually friendly neighborhood Spider-man, in his short existence he’s brought joy to a lot of fans, myself included.

Kerey McKenna is a contributing reviewer to Nerds who Read and SMOF for the annual Watch City Steampunk Festival. Check it out at www.watchcityfestival.com.

Pulp Fiction on Pulp Paper

The Jack & Maggie Starr Series: A Killing in Comics, Strip for Murder, and Seduction of the Innocent by Max Allan Collins. Illustrations by Terry Beatty.
Book Review by Kerey McKenna.

I am talking about funny books, kids. The most popular entertainment medium of all here in 1954. My city boasts twenty comics publishers putting out 600-some titles every month, selling eighty to one hundred million copies a week, reaching an audience larger than movies, TV, radio and magazines combined (they figure a comic book gets passed around or traded to six or more readers). It’s an industry employing a thousand-plus writers, artists, editors, letterers and assorted spear carriers...It’s a form of story-telling that arrays newsstands with superhero fantasy and talking ducks, through those are outnumbered of late by monsters both supernatural and humans, as well as cowboys and Indians, romance and war, and science fiction...The chief audience is kids but grown-ups indulge too, especially veterans who learned to read portable funny books, bought at the PX, in the Second World War and more recently in Korea…. What’s important for you to keep in mind is how big, how popular the comic book industry is right now. And how everybody and your Uncle Charlie wants to kill it. What the hell...every murder mystery needs a victim…” –Jack Starr

In this entry for Noir November let’s take a look at the Jack & Maggie Starr Series, historical fiction novels, written in the pulp mystery tradition that explore the formative years of the American Comic Book industry. Who better to tell a Noir style story in that time than Max Allan Collins, who twice won the Shamus Award for excellent writing in the P.I. mystery sub-genre, and has written prose novels, graphic novels, and comic books. His historical fiction gangster comic series Road to Perdition later adapted into the beloved Tom Hanks movie of the same name.

Today much of comics IP is held by the monolithic “Big Two Publishers” who are themselves divisions of two rival large multimedia empires. On the whole comic books are now sold to “the collector’s market” of invested (adult) fans buying directly online or at specialty comic book stores. This is in stark contrast to the so called Golden Age, a wild and woolly time for the nascent comics publishing industry. Focused primarily in New York City, with a mob of small publishers fighting for space on the newsstands for an audience of primarily children, teenagers, and the emerging counterculture. The men and women of the early comic book industry managed to make a place for themselves at the end of the Dirty 30’s, fight through the war years, and arrive in the 1950’s to get their shot at post-war American prosperity. Assuming that they didn’t find themselves censored, swindled out of their royalties...or dead.

In a New York City filled with colorful characters, both in and out of the funny pages, is Jack Starr, a tall, handsome and square jawed former Army MP and very specialized detective. He only investigates one type of crime and works for only one client: Jack investigates crimes related to comic books and the funny pages. His only client is his late father’s company, the Starr Syndicate, one of the outfits that licenses characters from comic books to newspapers to be published as comic strips. Jack is a “troubleshooter” for the syndicate. Attached as they are to the august institution of newspapers, the syndicate wants to avoid or manage scandals that would damage the wholesome image of the superheroes and cartoon animals that they sell to newspapers around the country. In addition to fearing loss in sales, the Starr Syndicate has good reason to avoid close public scrutiny. The basis of their empire of family friendly characters used to be printing race forms and “art books” (wink wink nudge nudge, know what I mean). Despite a shift to more wholesome fare in the 20’s, Mafia families bought shares of competing publishing syndicates and later comic book publishers. In addition to getting a piece of the action of sales, during Prohibition they insisted that the lumber used to print material in dry NYC be shipped on big trucks and imported from wet Canada.

Usually Jack’s job is fairly simple: running background checks on new employees, leaning on artists who fall behind on their deadlines, and trying not to get distracted by his knockout of a boss Maggie Starr, his stepmother and father’s widow. Only five years Jack’s senior, Maggie is a former striptease artist who inherited the majority of her late husband’s comic strip empire. Not ashamed of her past, and having a keen mind for business, Maggie even became a restaurateur, opening the “Strip Joint,” an upscale Manhattan Steakhouse where patrons dine on strip steak, surrounded by wall art from famous comic strips and waited on staff that are clearly part time or former...well you get the idea.

When their industry threatens to get ink in the crime blotter instead of the funny pages, like the murders of a publishing magnate or of a doctor who claims comic books create juvenile delinquents, Maggie puts Jack to work quickly to find the party responsible and bring them to justice to get the story out of the papers as fast as possible.

The Jack and Maggie Starr mysteries are, in the pulp noir tradition, fun if formulaic mysteries with just enough brawling and sex to keep you going to the next chapter. Jack Starr’s witty internal narration, and illustrations at the beginning of each chapter by Terry Beatty done in a classic pop art style, add a nice touch to the homage to classic pulps. Aside from the eccentric Jack and Maggie, most of the characters of the 1950’s comic and cartoon world are clearly based on real personalities of the time but with the names barely changed in ways that would make Law & Order claims of “ripped from the headlines” blush. For example the colorful ubermensch hero “Wonderguy” was created by two naive young men, “Harry Spiegel” & “Moe Sholman” who would not get the full share of the fortune their character makes in merchandising. Other popular superheroes are “Batwing,” created by “Rod Krane,” and “Amazonia” created by a Harvard professor a bit on the kinky side. Wanting to put the kibosh on all these characters is noted child psychologist Dr. Werner Frederk who publishes a sensational book “Ravish the Lambs” and testifies before congress accusing comic books of being the key factor in post war juvenile delinquency.

The historical fiction here is not as divergent from real life as say The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay. Those familiar with the history of American comics will readily catch the “Brand X” references. But if you’re less familiar with the history of the industry, don’t worry. The “Brand X” names aren’t too distracting and might even encourage you to learn more about the real movers and shakers, heroes and villains of the period, especially apropos in the wake of the passing of one of the last great living links to that time, Stan Lee.

Whether you are either an old hand at P.I. style noir mysteries or a fan of comic books I would certainly recommend giving any of these books a read.

Kerey McKenna is a contributing reviewer to Nerds who Read and SMOF for the annual Watch City Steampunk Festival. Check it out at www.watchcityfestival.com.

Hero of the Harlem Renaissance

Luke Cage Noir.
Written by Mike Benson & Adam Glass. Art by Shawn Martinbrough & Nick Filardi.
Graphic Novella Review by Kerey McKenna.

I was sad to learn that Luke Cage, the bullet-proof Hero of Harlem, will not be renewed for another season on Netflix. Even if the last season did receive mixed reviews, as a whole I think it did one of the best jobs of realizing life in New York City in the Marvel Shared Universe. Hopefully Luke Cage, Misty Knight, and Night Nurse will return in other Marvel projects, possibly on the Disney exclusive streaming service coming down the pipe. In memoriam of Luke's removal from Netflix—and also because this is Noir November—I want to review Luke Cage Noir, a story that reframed him in a classic film noir paradigm, and incidentally first introduced me to him. I also want to explore some of the historical links between film noir and African American cinema.

In 2009 and 2010 Marvel comics released a limited run of Noir-themed comics. The books were mostly standalone mini-series of four issues each that restyled Marvel Characters like the Daredevil, Iron Man, and the Punisher in classic noir and pulp settings and tones. These stories tended to de-emphasize the fantastical, and transplant characters into 1930’s and 50’s noir mysteries or adventure pulps.

The Luke Cage story boils Luke down to his essence, a black man trying to bring justice to the people of Harlem when they have been ill served by lawful institutions and preyed upon by gangsters. The story takes place in 1930’s Harlem with Luke being released from a ten year stint at Rikers Island. Cage has become an urban legend as witnesses claim that the night of his arrest he managed to take two slugs to the chest...and get back up without a scratch on him.

Now Luke is out to settle old scores and solve the murders of both his woman and a white socialite. Along the way, the reader is taken along a classic hard-boiled detective tale, with machine gun dialogue, frame ups, and double crosses, all playing out in the vibrant and violent environs of Prohibition Era Harlem. Which I found refreshing because you don’t often see African Americans in such central roles or rounding out the majority of a cast in classic film noir.

It is well known that the Luke Cage character was created to chase the trend of the “Blaxploitation” films of the 60’s and 70’s. But what I didn’t know until I started researching this review is that the Blaxploitation movement itself tapped into an earlier cinematic tradition of black gangster/black protagonist crime and detective stories.

Even in the days of silent film, there were studios, or small divisions of studios, producing films for urban black audiences. Known collectively as “Race Films,” they were silent films and later talkies that featured not only predominantly minority casts but often all-minority casts. Like so many endeavors of the time, this nascent black cinema was kept separate and unequal from the mainstream. But unlike mainstream Hollywood, Race Films gave black and mixed-race actors a wide variety of roles over as many genres as shoestring budgets would allow. And yes, there were Race Film mystery and gangster movies. Sadly, because they received limited distribution, only a small fraction of those films were properly archived and tended not to be prioritized for restoration. And all too often, being B movies, they couldn’t afford the more experimental shooting techniques that came to epitomize the film noir canon.

With Luke Cage Noir, we come full circle. It's practically a reconstruction of the Race Film gangster noir stories. But rendered in pen and ink, rather than on the silver screen, and with the corporate muscle of Marvel Comics behind it, it is free of the earlier genre’s artistic handicaps. The creative use of shadow and color by the art team grant a style that the B movie Race Films could rarely afford. It is a great graphic novella, both for those who know The Hero of Harlem through the Netflix series, and for fans of classic hard-boiled detective stories who don’t want a bunch of garishly dressed superheroes running all over the place.

To my knowledge, since the original launch of the noir concept, Marvel hasn’t done much with it—with one notable exception. Stay tuned for my post on the one Marvel Noir hero who continues to appear in comics, cartoons, and video games—and is set for a big screen appearance later this year.

Kerey McKenna is a contributing reviewer to Nerds who Read and SMOF for the annual Watch City Steampunk Festival. Check it out at www.watchcityfestival.com.

The Dark Deco Knight

Batman: the Animated Series and Batman: Mask of the Phantasm.
Review by Kerey McKenna.

For our next entry in Noir November I wanted to take a look at the movie and TV series that more than any other imprinted noir and pulp sensibilities into my young mind: Batman: Mask of the Phantasm and Batman: the Animated Series. Not only are they among the best iterations of the Batman mythos; they're also a loving tribute to classic film noir.

In 1992, Warner Brothers Animation launched Batman:The Animated Series to much fanfare by old and young fans alike, a pulpy action cartoon with classic film noir aesthetics and sensibilities. Only a year later the production team managed to take their version of Batman to the big screen with the feature length Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, resulting in what I propose is one of the best Batman motion pictures ever made.

The narrative of the film actually takes place in two time periods, the “Present” of the TV series (a version of the 1990’s that looks uncannily like the 1950’s; more on that later) in which Batman is well-established as the protector of Gotham, and ten years prior, when a college-aged Bruce Wayne is about to begin his costumed crusade against crime. Going back and forth between the two eras is actually a great way to do the “Superhero origin story” and I’m a bit disappointed no millennial superhero movie has lifted the trick. A fully formed Batman bursts into action in the very first scene, and over the course of the film we get to peer back in time to see the moments that informed the man he would become. Unlike some origin stories of popular characters, these flashbacks don’t obsess about trying to explain every little piece of Batman’s iconography and signature weapons. Instead the grand insight offered by the flashbacks is Bruce Wayne’s state of mind in becoming Batman; along the way they also provide crucial clues to a mystery playing out in the present.

The film begins with present-day Batman doing a bit of gang busting to break up a counterfeiting ring. However things go sideways when a mysterious cloaked figure uses the chaos of the fight to single out the gang’s ring leader and dispatch him with lethal force.

While trying to uncover the identity and agenda of this mysterious Phantasm, Bruce Wayne is haunted by thoughts of more sanguine times, thanks to the return of old flame Andrea Beaumont to Gotham. We learn that ten years ago, just as young Bruce was taking his first forays into vigilante justice, he crossed paths with Andrea, and his caped crusade almost ended before it began. Andrea could have undone Bruce's plans for vengeance by offering him the alternative of a loving and happy life. Unlike the other women of high society—flighty, vain, and gold digging—Andrea knew tragedy through the death of her mother and could relate to the serious and brooding orphan Bruce Wayne on that level, while still offering him a chance at normalcy.

However it seemed destiny had other plans. Andrea mysteriously called off their engagement, leaving Bruce no choice but to throw himself wholeheartedly into his one-man war on crime.

Meanwhile in the present, the Phantasm appears to be targeting specific mobsters for a very personal, but as yet unknown grievance. A grandstanding politician pins the murders on Batman and sics every cop in Gotham who isn’t Commissioner Gordon on Batman’s trail. Further complicating matters, Batman’s archnemesis, the Joker, is on the Phantasm’s hit list and the Clown Prince of Crime decides the best defense is a good offense...and lots of explosives.

The past and present begin to converge as we learn how the Joker, the politician, the targeted mobsters, and the loss of Bruce’s lady love ten years ago are all connected.

With great pacing and a character-defining voice cast (Kevin Conroy and Mark Hamill, voicing Batman and Joker respectively, would reprise these roles many times over the next twenty odd years), Batman: Mask of the Phantasm is a great entry in the superhero canon. But why am I bringing it up as noir?

Dark Deco Design

In 1989, Tim Burton’s summer blockbuster Batman introduced mainstream audiences to a Gotham far more grim and dark than they remembered from Adam West's 1960’s campy romp. Yet the new gothic take on the material didn’t deter kids (and adults) from shelling out millions of dollars for enough bat-themed bric-a-brac to fill two Bat Caves.

To coincide with the release of the sequel Batman Returns, Warner Brothers turned to their animation studio to keep the momentum going and further capitalize on the character with a Saturday morning cartoon show.

Instead of a toy-centric cash grab, however, the show’s creators set about creating a high quality program that would stand on its own merits as something beyond a movie tie-in. They kept the darker aesthetics of the Tim Burton movies and then leaned hard into anachronisms in the set and prop and character designs to create a style that would be referenced in Warner Animation well into the next century, Dark Deco or Deco Noir. The sets, props, and even the characters themselves have a geometric and streamlined look that is characteristic of the art deco movement, which had experienced a revival during the 1980’s. I believe this was also done as a statement of respect and homage to the Max Fleischer Superman Cartoons of the 1940’s which until then had been the high water mark for realizing a superhero in animation.

Viewers of Phantasm could be forgiven for believing the movie is set some time earlier in the 20th century. Gotham City appears to be stuck in the golden age of art deco design—1930's Streamline Moderne, to be precise, which would dominate city skylines for decades to come. In the TV show, unless it was a very specific piece of technology like a VCR or a supercomputer necessary for the plot, the denizens of Gotham appear to have universally decided nothing designed past 1960 was aesthetically pleasing. Eagle-eyed fans did spot on-screen calendars and documents indicating the show was taking place in the 90’s. However when I poured through the film for this review, I couldn’t spot any obvious anachronisms that would be alien to the 1950’s, save for Batman's crime fighting technology and Joker’s uncannily accurate mini auto-gyro drones.

Adding to the sense that the viewer is looking at something from another time, the creators translated era-appropriate editing and visual effects, such as certain screen wipes, vignetting, and discretion shot pan-aways. Speaking of discretion shots, since this Batman was ostensibly for a family audience, the creators had to work within constraints similar to those classic noir creators laboring under the Hayes production code. While mainstream “neo-noir” creators of the 90’s reveled in the freedom of R-ratings, Batman’s writers used the tricks of the trade of the 30’s and 40’s to sneak a bit of sex and violence into their noir tale but always left the most explicit material to the audience's imagination.

These 1930-50’s film aesthetics were then realized with an often dark palette. Famously, many visuals for the series and the movie were actually created by painting the art on black paper instead of the animation industry standard white. The creators were very careful with their use of light and shadow and the result was a film and TV series that didn’t look like anything else produced by American studios at the time.

Friends from out of town

Any film student worth their salt could tell you that a drastically tilted shooting angle in film can help convey unease, tension, or even madness. It was a popular technique in the film noir canon and also the often psychedelic Adam West Batman. The technique is referred to as a Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt as it was introduced to American filmmakers primarily from German (Deutsch) impressionist films, and even actual Germans (and other Europeans) who came to the West after the two world wars and wove their own sensibilities into film production.

The Batman animated projects that launched in the 90’s also have another international influence on their style—the influence of the Far East. To meet their TV release schedule and a theatrical production time about one-third of what it took a contemporary studio like Disney to get something to the big screen, Warner Brothers

Akira (1988)

animation had to subcontract a lot of work overseas. For the film, they collaborated with Ong Yang Animations of South Korea and Spectrum Animation of Japan. And while American animated films and cartoons of the time typically weren’t dealing with more “cinematic” shot composition and mature subject matters, a lot of Eastern animation was.

In addition to providing resources for the tedious process of hand drawn animation, these two Asian studios brought much needed experience in how to produce the effects Warner Brothers was looking for. This resulted in…

Standing the Test of Time

A lot of work went into creating an animated Batman that would be taken seriously, and I argue that Batman: The Animated Series and its companion movie Mask of the Phantasm represent a definitive take on the character and mythos. At a time when a Marvel Cinematic Universe would have been considered a fever dream, an animated DC universe of interconnected TV series and further films had already sprung forth from this iteration of Batman. Kevin Conroy and Mark Hamill have been called upon again and again to reprise their roles because to fans of my generation they are the voices of Batman and Joker. In this version of Batman, Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. played Alfred not simply as a loyal, unquestioning servant, but as a man struggling to make sure that Bruce’s quixotic quest doesn’t end in more tragedy. This is the tone struck by every subsequent version of the character in TV and film. As for breakout character Harley Quinn, known to more recent audiences from her central role in 2016's Suicide Squad, she was invented for this series.

In honor of what this version of Batman has meant to fans, this Veterans Day weekend Warner Brothers is airing Batman: Mask of the Phantasm in select theatres throughout the country. If you, like me, are a longtime fan, or if you somehow missed it but are intrigued by anything I’ve described for you, I would highly recommend trying to get yourself a seat for a screening this holiday weekend.

Kerey McKenna is a contributing reviewer to Nerds who Read and SMOF for the annual Watch City Steampunk Festival. Check it out at www.watchcityfestival.com.

Noir-sferatu

Already Dead: Joe Pitt Casebooks Book 1 by Charlie Huston.
Book Review by Kerey McKenna.

Now that November is here and things are getting darker, it’s time to turn the clock back a bit here at Nerds who Read. Not just by an hour for a bit of extra shuteye this Sunday morning. Instead, back to a time and genre where hard-boiled men wore their hats just so in mean city streets and the haze wafting around a femme fatale might be from her smoking cigarette—or her smoking gun.

Yes, readers, it’s time for a series of reviews I like to call Noir November, where I look at tales crafted in the style of classic pulp mysteries. Now this being Nerds who Read there has to be a bit more of a gimmick than just a clever bit of alliteration; my editor insists upon it. I’m not just going to be dusting of some Dashiell Hammett or Raymond Chandler for you. So the subjects of this month’s reviews will have some kind of nerdy angle to them. Sometimes it will be the subject matter, sometimes the medium, and sometimes the way the story mixes classic noir with a nerdy genre like Sci-Fi, horror, or superheroes.

As it is November 1st and the Halloween decorations are just about to be given the bum’s rush to make way for Christmas, I thought we might borrow a creature of the night or two for our first entry in Noir November, Already Dead. The first in Charlie Huston’s six-part Joe Pitt Casebook series of novels, Already Dead follows the adventures of Joe Pitt, a vampire in New York City, trying to make an un-living doing the dirty work of the city’s feuding vampire clans.

First a little introduction to the genre of Urban Fantasy. In broad strokes Urban Fantasy is what happens when you take the mythical and magical creatures of folklore—ogres, wizards, boggarts, werewolves, and what have you—and pave over their lush forbidden forests and decrepit keeps with cities of steel and concrete. Like owls, raccoons, and foxes foraging in dumpsters, some creatures don’t actually change that much; they exchange the dark corners of the forest for the dark alleys of the city, growing fat because nobody looks too closely at the missing persons or even murder rates of a large city. Other creatures make something of themselves in the city and take quite well to “civilization.” An enterprising witch opens up a shop for hipsters looking for “organic alternative medicine.” Trolls and ogres use their muscle to start protection rackets. Furthermore the cities attract people from all over the world and those people bring their own spirits, monsters, demigods and demons. A Dullahan, the headless horseman of Celtic myth might trade in his nag for a Kawasaki and tear through the streets of Tokyo while half a world away a Kitsune, a beguiling Japanese fox woman, might ensnare an eligible bachelor in Manhattan. Urban fantasy offers up a metropolis full of possibility as mythologies mix and mingle and creatures have to survive in the big bad city. As film noir and the pulps wrote much of the book on how to tell stories set in the city, it should be no surprise that many urban fantasy stories are also…noir stories.

Which brings us back to Joe Pitt. His stories don’t just take the teeny bopper glitter off the vampire left by the Twilight and Vampire Academy YA series. They take the romantic gothic horror and aristocratic tropes from Stoker to Rice and cover them with urban grime and grit. Then they rough up those tropes for being in the wrong part of town and leave them curled up in an alley after rifling through their pockets for walking around money.

Joe Pitt is by no means the first vampire (or vampyre as the book insists) urban fantasy protagonist...but in some ways he is more real and down-to-earth than the more celebrated undead. He isn’t all that long in the tooth and therefore doesn’t share the angst of vampires who belong in another age, like Angel or Michael Knight. He doesn’t have the cutting edge equipment or fancy martial arts of the daywalker, Blade. He most certainly does not have the flashy wardrobe and pretentious nom de guerre of Alucard.

What Joe does have is street smarts and a burning desire to survive on his own terms. He “doesn’t drink...wine,” because when he’s not discreetly sneaking some plasma he’s knocking back whiskey with the rest of the gray-collar criminals and working class of the city.

The Pitt series doesn’t go in for elaborate mythology or flashy magic powers. Joe’s world consists of navigating the human and vampyre underworlds of the city doing enough odd jobs, chiefly investigator, enforcer, and bodyguard. The virus (or vyrus, Huston loves that y for i substitution) that creates vampyres is a grab bag of strengths and weaknesses. Humans stop aging and become more resilient when they become a vampyre, but they are by no means impervious to conventional weapons. While they will be unravaged by age and resistant to most poisons, direct sunlight will melt them in under a minute. While the vampyres are in no hurry to “come out of the coffin” and human vampyre hunters are a distinct possibility, the greatest danger for an urban vampire is other urban vampyres.

Joe is an independent contractor in an island full of vampyre clans vying with each other for power, territory, and the limited supply of human blood that can be discreetly syphoned from the donor supply. While Joe has friends in The Society—a group of “youngish” vampyres styled after the 1960’s-70’s radical left—he values his own autonomy over their political agenda, that agenda being chiefly tussles with the corporate and old money vampyres of the Coalition faction. To further complicate matters, the Enclave—the only group of vampyres explicitly interested in the occult—have their own plans and prophecies concerning Pitt. In Already Dead, Pitt has to navigate the precarious detente between the rival gangs to find a missing heiress, stop an outbreak of zombieism, and along the way make enough money to pay the rent and keep his stash of refrigerated blood sufficiently full that his friends and neighbors don’t look like four-course meals on legs.

As I said urban fantasy offers a world of possibilities as a genre. If you like your crime fiction and your gore full of blood and pulp, the Joe Pitt novels would be a good place to start.

Kerey McKenna is a contributing reviewer to Nerds who Read and SMOF for the annual Watch City Steampunk Festival. Check it out at www.watchcityfestival.com.